The cacao tree, Theobroma cacao, meaning "food of the gods", is one of the most genetically diverse crops on earth. Understanding the difference between cacao and cocoa, the range of species within the Theobroma genus, the traditional variety classifications, and the role of the cacao fruit's pulp is foundational knowledge for anyone working seriously with cacao. This hub covers the plant, its fruit, and its remarkable diversity from farm to flavor.